Fatigue in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: The Role of Drug Therapy Within a Holistic Management Framework.

Conflict statement: Declarations. Funding: This manuscript was unfunded. Dr Bernstein is supported in part by the Bingham Chair in Gastroenterology. Mr Sareen and Ms Prichodko were funded by the BSc Med Summer Research Program of the University of Manitoba Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine. Conflicts of interest: Dr Charles Bernstein is supported by the Bingham Chair in Gastroenterology. Dr. Bernstein has served on advisory Boards for AbbVie Canada, Amgen Canada, Celltrion, Eli Lilly Canada, Ferring Canada, Fresenius-Kabi Canada, JandJ Pharma Canada, Organon Canada, Pendopharm Canada, Sanofi Canada, Takeda Canada, and Pfizer Canada; Educational grants from Abbvie Canada, Boston Scientific, Celltrion, Eli Lilly Canada, Ferring Canada, Fresenius Kabi Canada, JandJ Pharma Canada, Pfizer Canada, Takeda Canada, and Speaker’s panel for Abbvie Canada, JandJ Pharma Canada, Eli Lilly, Fresenius-Kabi, Medtronic Canada, Pfizer Canada, and Takeda Canada. Received research or grant funding from Abbvie Canada, Celltrion, JandJ Pharma Canada, Pfizer Canada, and Takeda Canada. Dr Graff has received a speaker honorarium from Amgen, and investigator-initiated research from Takeda Canada and Pfizer Canada. The other authors had no conflicts to declare. Ethics approval: None was required for this narrative review. Consent to participate: None was required. Consent for publication: None was required. Availability of data and materials: All data are reported in this manuscript Code availability: Not applicable. Author contributions: Jai Sareen and Madelaine Prichodko wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Jai Sareen, Madelaine Prichodko, Lesley A. Graff, Ali Keshavarzian, Robin M Voigt, and Charles N Bernstein MD all contributed to the outline of the manuscript, to the literature review and the editing of the manuscript. AI use: The authors used generative AI tools (Claude, Anthropic; ChatGPT, OpenAI) solely to assist with language editing and refinement of wording during manuscript preparation. All literature searching, interpretation of the evidence, clinical reasoning, and conclusions are entirely the authors' own. No AI tool was used for drafting original content, data analysis, summarization of sources, translation, or image generation. The authors reviewed and edited all AI-assisted text and take full responsibility for the content of the article.